Traditional and Complementary Medicine in Modern Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) continues to play a pivotal role in global healthcare, offering holistic, culturally relevant, and cost-effective interventions. This comprehensive review examines the integration of T&CM within modern medical systems, highlighting therapeutic modalities, clinical efficacy, safety, and regulatory frameworks. Various approaches—including herbal medicine, acupuncture, Ayurveda, naturopathy, and mindbody therapies—are explored for their mechanisms of action, evidence-based outcomes, and patient-centered applications.